Minecraft continued to offer early access throughout its development period, assuring those that bought into it would receive the final version for free, which happened in November 2011. As sales of the game increased, he was able to quit his job about eight months later to work on the game full-time, founding Mojang to bring on a larger development team. The alpha-version game proved popular enough that within the month of release, Persson added a means by which players could pay 10 euros (approximately US$15) to access the game, allowing him to continue its development. The game's development began in 2009 by Markus Persson initially for internet browsers that he developed alongside his full-time job. One of the best-known early examples of this model is Minecraft. As players are typically not limited by confidentiality agreements to participate in early access, these players can provide reviews on social media, or play the game on streaming broadcasts, which subsequently can stimulate interest in the title. A further benefit can come from preliminary word-of-mouth of a game in an early access state. These players help fund the game to completion, but take a risk that the game may never reach a final release. Once the game is released, the player either continues to have access to the software or is rewarded with a means to obtain the final release of the title and other extras, such as sounds, their name in the game's credits, or other rewards. Their feedback can help the developer tune the game's direction, art, and software mechanics in anticipation of a final release. Interested players are able to buy into the development of the game, gaining access to the software in the working state, and are encouraged to play and stress-test the software. Often these games are considered at alpha or beta releases, and may be months or years from anticipated completion. Early access to a game is typically offered when the game is in a playable state but may not be feature-complete, or may still have several software bugs to be found. The concept of early access helps to alleviate both problems. Another difficulty for indie developers is the means of testing their games prior to release, lacking the resources of a publisher and not obtaining enough feedback prior to release. Many smaller indie companies use personal funds, while larger ones may get investments from other sources, and more recently crowdfunding programs such as Kickstarter or Patreon proven viable for both. įor indie games, which are typically distributed without a publisher, the source of funding for development is not as readily available. For example, an invitation to the beta version of the multiplayer portion of Halo 3 was bundled with the game Crackdown, contributing to the latter's strong sales. In some cases, publishers have found ways to allow players to win or buy into access into a game's beta state in a controlled environment. As such, publishers will fund the full development of a game through its completion, but will be less willing to take risks on experimental titles. This prevents such versions from becoming the target of software piracy, and limits what information can potentially be shared with competitors. Traditionally, game publishers do not release unfinished versions of their products to the public, instead relying on in-house testing non-disclosure agreements. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, may have access to special materials in the game. For the clinical drug testing term, see expanded access.Įarly access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can purchase and play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. This article is about the video game industry term.
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